Florence Billings Papers, 1915-1959 (bulk 1919-1928)
type: FindingAid
type: Document
conforms to: General International Standard for Archival Description
publisher: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
encoded as: Florence Billings Papers, 1915-1959 (bulk 1919-1928)
topic: Florence Billings Papers
subject: Florence Billings Papers
has part: Biographical History for: Florence Billings Papers
topic: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
subject: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
topic: Contents: finding aid and NUCMC form
subject: Contents: finding aid and NUCMC form
topic: Clippings by and about Florence Billings, 1919-59, n.d.
subject: Clippings by and about Florence Billings, 1919-59, n.d.
topic: Memorabilia
subject: Memorabilia
topic: Program of parade for Ataturk (in Turkish), signed by him (photostat copy; original at Hoover Library, Stanford U.) and related correspondence, 1960, n.d.
subject: Program of parade for Ataturk (in Turkish), signed by him (photostat copy; original at Hoover Library, Stanford U.) and related correspondence, 1960, n.d.
topic: Watercolors by Persian artist, circa 1925
subject: Watercolors by Persian artist, circa 1925
topic: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
subject: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
topic: Family (from Russia, Turkey, etc.), 1912, 1919-25
subject: Family (from Russia, Turkey, etc.), 1912, 1919-25
topic: Friends and associates
subject: Friends and associates
topic: General (includes Laura S. Crandall, William S. Dodd, Senator Borah, and Julian E. Gillespie), 1923-26
subject: General (includes Laura S. Crandall, William S. Dodd, Senator Borah, and Julian E. Gillespie), 1923-26
topic: Mark Bristol (American High Commissioner in Constantinople), 1921-22
subject: Mark Bristol (American High Commissioner in Constantinople), 1921-22
topic: Halidé Edib Adivar, 1923-28
subject: Halidé Edib Adivar, 1923-28
topic: Catharine Esserberg (American School for Girls, Damascus, Syria), 1924-26
subject: Catharine Esserberg (American School for Girls, Damascus, Syria), 1924-26
topic: Henry Furst, 1925
subject: Henry Furst, 1925
topic: Edith Parsons (American School for Girls, Turkey), 1925-1929
subject: Edith Parsons (American School for Girls, Turkey), 1925-1929
topic: Thomas Perkins, 1921
subject: Thomas Perkins, 1921
topic: SERIES III. WRITINGS
subject: SERIES III. WRITINGS
topic: Near East Relief
subject: Near East Relief
topic: "Constantinople to Konia": typescript (incomplete), 1920
subject: "Constantinople to Konia": typescript (incomplete), 1920
topic: Reports (by Billings and Annie T. Allen), 1921-23
subject: Reports (by Billings and Annie T. Allen), 1921-23
topic: Turkish prisoners: translated telegrams and NER certificate, 1922
subject: Turkish prisoners: translated telegrams and NER certificate, 1922
topic: Address by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 1922
subject: Address by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 1922
topic: Unidentified notes and lists, 1921, n.d.
subject: Unidentified notes and lists, 1921, n.d.
topic: Travel diary (Paris, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Iran, etc.), Oct 1924-25, n.d.
subject: Travel diary (Paris, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Iran, etc.), Oct 1924-25, n.d.
topic: Notes (chronology of events in Middle East), 1925-28
subject: Notes (chronology of events in Middle East), 1925-28
topic: "Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909" (Masters thesis, Columbia University): typescript, 1927
subject: "Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909" (Masters thesis, Columbia University): typescript, 1927
topic: Articles: typescript drafts, 1920-25, n.d.
subject: Articles: typescript drafts, 1920-25, n.d.
topic: Manuscript fragments and notes (including "Autobio"), circa 1921-28, n.d.
subject: Manuscript fragments and notes (including "Autobio"), circa 1921-28, n.d.
topic: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
subject: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
topic: Biographical articles, 1922
subject: Biographical articles, 1922
topic: Correspondence
subject: Correspondence
topic: To Florence Billings, Admiral Mark Bristol, and others, 1921
subject: To Florence Billings, Admiral Mark Bristol, and others, 1921
topic: To Allen (includes letters from Halidé Edib, and letters of authorization to go to Konia), 1921-22, n.d.
subject: To Allen (includes letters from Halidé Edib, and letters of authorization to go to Konia), 1921-22, n.d.
topic: To Florence Billings re: Allen, on her death (includes Halidé Edib), 1922
subject: To Florence Billings re: Allen, on her death (includes Halidé Edib), 1922
topic: Writings
subject: Writings
topic: Diary and notes ("Brusa - Konia - Angora, etc"): typescript, 1919-20, n.d.

General International Standard for Archival Description
type: Standard

Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Repository
type: Organization
type: Agent
country code: US
maintenance agency code: mnsss
is publisher of: Florence Billings Papers, 1915-1959 (bulk 1919-1928)
administers: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
provides access to: Florence Billings Papers
provides access to: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
provides access to: Contents: finding aid and NUCMC form
provides access to: Clippings by and about Florence Billings, 1919-59, n.d.
provides access to: Memorabilia
provides access to: Program of parade for Ataturk (in Turkish), signed by him (photostat copy; original at Hoover Library, Stanford U.) and related correspondence, 1960, n.d.
provides access to: Watercolors by Persian artist, circa 1925
provides access to: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
provides access to: Family (from Russia, Turkey, etc.), 1912, 1919-25
provides access to: Friends and associates
provides access to: General (includes Laura S. Crandall, William S. Dodd, Senator Borah, and Julian E. Gillespie), 1923-26
provides access to: Mark Bristol (American High Commissioner in Constantinople), 1921-22
provides access to: Halidé Edib Adivar, 1923-28
provides access to: Catharine Esserberg (American School for Girls, Damascus, Syria), 1924-26
provides access to: Henry Furst, 1925
provides access to: Edith Parsons (American School for Girls, Turkey), 1925-1929
provides access to: Thomas Perkins, 1921
provides access to: SERIES III. WRITINGS
provides access to: Near East Relief
provides access to: "Constantinople to Konia": typescript (incomplete), 1920
provides access to: Reports (by Billings and Annie T. Allen), 1921-23
provides access to: Turkish prisoners: translated telegrams and NER certificate, 1922
provides access to: Address by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 1922
provides access to: Unidentified notes and lists, 1921, n.d.
provides access to: Travel diary (Paris, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Iran, etc.), Oct 1924-25, n.d.
provides access to: Notes (chronology of events in Middle East), 1925-28
provides access to: "Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909" (Masters thesis, Columbia University): typescript, 1927
provides access to: Articles: typescript drafts, 1920-25, n.d.
provides access to: Manuscript fragments and notes (including "Autobio"), circa 1921-28, n.d.
provides access to: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
provides access to: Biographical articles, 1922
provides access to: Correspondence
provides access to: To Florence Billings, Admiral Mark Bristol, and others, 1921
provides access to: To Allen (includes letters from Halidé Edib, and letters of authorization to go to Konia), 1921-22, n.d.
provides access to: To Florence Billings re: Allen, on her death (includes Halidé Edib), 1922
provides access to: Writings
provides access to: Diary and notes ("Brusa - Konia - Angora, etc"): typescript, 1919-20, n.d.
provides access to: "Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Nationalist Movement at Close Range" (re: outbreak of revolution in Konia): typescripts and fragments, 1920
provides access to: "One Way of Making America Your Friend": typescript, 1921
provides access to: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
provides access to: Individuals: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Fethy Bey, and other Turkish and NER officials, circa 1919-22
provides access to: Groups: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Refet Pasha and others, Turkey, circa 1919-22
provides access to: Scenes of Turkey (most unidentified), circa 1919-22
provides access to: OVERSIZE MATERIALS
provides access to: Photographs: Mustafa Kemal (1921), Yusouf Kemal (1922), Refet Pasha (1928), and unidentified people

Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: SpatialThing
is administered by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Florence Billings Papers, 1915-1959 (bulk 1919-1928)
type: EAD
type: Document
description: Finding aid encoded in NoteTab Pro. Encoded by Margaret Jessup. 2006-12-07
created: 2006-12-07
conforms to: Encoded Archival Description
conforms to: Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 2002
encoding of: Florence Billings Papers, 1915-1959 (bulk 1919-1928)

Encoded Archival Description
type: Standard

Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 2002
type: Standard

Florence Billings Papers
type: ArchivalResource
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
level: collection
identifier: MS 17
date: 1915-1959
date created accumulated string: 1915-1959
date created accumulated start: 1915
date created accumulated end: 1959
produced in: Creation of Florence Billings Papers
date: 1919-1928
date created accumulated string: 1919-1928
date created accumulated start: 1919
date created accumulated end: 1928
extent: 2 boxes
extent: (1 linear ft.)
language: eng
origination: Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
has biographical history: Biographical History for: Florence Billings Papers
scopecontent: Scope and Contents of the Collection The Florence Billings Papers include correspondence, journal entries, reports for Near East Relief, travel notes, typescripts of articles and her thesis, clippings, photographs, and memorabilia. There is a small amount on her relief work in World War I France and her travels in Europe, but the collection focus is on the work of Florence Billings and her colleague Annie T. Allen with the Near East Relief in Turkey and Greece from 1920-22 and Billings' subsequent travels in, and writings concerning, the Middle East. SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE includes letters from Turkish feminist Halidé Edib, and the American High Commissioner in Constantinople, Mark Bristol, to Billings. In her correspondence to her sisters Billings writes from a trip to Russia in 1912 and later work in Turkey for NER. SERIES III. WRITINGS includes handwritten drafts and typescripts of reports, articles, notes, and journal entries that record the details of Billings' relief work as well as the political and social changes of Konea, Brousa, Constantinople, and other Turkish and Greek sites where Billings and Allen traveled. In a draft typescript entitled "Constantinople to Konia" (Sep 1920 - Jan 1921), Billings writes of being trapped with women and children in an orphanage in Konia at the outbreak of the Turkish revolution and having to make her way through the streets amidst gunfire to collect bread from the bakery. Her travel diary and notes outline Billings' journey through Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran between 1924 and 1928 and the meetings she had with high level officials. Billings' Masters thesis entitled "Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909," examines the "real causes of the troubles between Moslems and non-Moslems in the Ottoman Empire," among them the "expansionist and protective policies of Europe." There are also drafts of articles she wrote on topics relating to the Middle East. Writings and correspondence to and from An…
associated with: Armenians--History--Sources
associated with: Greco-Turkish War, 1921-1922
associated with: Near East Relief (Organization)--History
associated with: Refugees--Armenia--History--Sources
associated with: Women in charitable work--Turkey--History--Sources
associated with: World War, 1914-1918--Civilian relief--France
associated with: Adivar, Halidé Edib, 1885-1964
associated with: Allen, Annie T., 1868-1922
associated with: Ataturk, Kemal, 1881-1938
associated with: Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
associated with: Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 1919-
associated with: Iran--Description and travel--Sources
associated with: Middle East--Description and travel--Sources
associated with: Turkey--History--Revolution, 1918-1923--Civilian relief
associated with: Turkey--Description and travel--Sources
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
aggregates: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
has part: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
aggregates: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
has part: SERIES III. WRITINGS
aggregates: SERIES III. WRITINGS
has part: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
aggregates: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
has part: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
aggregates: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
has part: OVERSIZE MATERIALS
aggregates: OVERSIZE MATERIALS

collection
type: Level
type: Concept

Creation of Florence Billings Papers
type: Creation
type: Event
product: Florence Billings Papers
involved: Florence Billings Papers
time: Time of Creation of Florence Billings Papers
at time: Time of Creation of Florence Billings Papers

Time of Creation of Florence Billings Papers
type: Interval
timeline: universaltimeline
start: 1915
interval starts: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1915
P86i contains: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1915
end: 1959
interval ends: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1959
P86i contains: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1959
start: 1919
interval starts: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1919
P86i contains: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1919
end: 1928
interval ends: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1928
P86i contains: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/year/1928

2 boxes
type: Extent
archbox: 2
label: (1 linear ft.)

Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
type: Agent
is origination of: Florence Billings Papers

Biographical History for: Florence Billings Papers
type: BiographicalHistory
type: Document
type: DocumentPart
body: Biographical Note Officials entering Constantinople, 1922. Individuals identified, from left: Adnem Bey, Halide Hanoum, Refet Pasha Florence Frances Billings was born in Hatfield, Massachusetts on June 14, 1879, daughter of Frederick Dickinson and Frances Amelia (Hunt) Billings. She had three sisters: Charlotte, Emily, and Anna Hunt Billings (Smith Class of 1891). Her grandfather, Charles Morris Billings of Hatfield, was an abolitionist and member of the Underground Railroad and her grandmother, Charlotte White Billings, was a cousin of Sophia Smith (founder of Smith College). In 1893 her family moved to Redlands, California where she resided on and off for the next sixty years although she spent many of those years living in Europe and in the Middle East. Billings graduated from Redlands High School in 1899 and from Stanford University in 1903 with a B.A. in Latin. She taught school for several years during which time she traveled to Europe, including Russia in 1912. She went to Germany and taught English in a private school for a period. She was on vacation in Brittany when World War I broke out and she immediately volunteered with the American Ambulance Hospital in Paris. When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, she returned home briefly and signed up with the American Red Cross, then went back to France as a canteen and relief worker. Working just behind the front lines in Chalons-sur-Marne earned her the Croix de Guerre. After the war, Billings went home for a short time before returning to Paris where she lived at the American Women's Club and continued relief work until November 1919, when she took a position at the American School for Girls in Brousa, Turkey. After six months she volunteered for service in Brousa, Turkey with the Near East Relief (NER), an organization created in 1915 by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. They created NER in response to the growing desperation of hundreds of thousands of Armenian refugees in Turkey and t…
topic: Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
subject: Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
is biographical history for: Florence Billings Papers
is part of: Florence Billings Papers, 1915-1959 (bulk 1919-1928)

Armenians--History--Sources
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh

lcsh
type: ConceptScheme

Greco-Turkish War, 1921-1922
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh

Near East Relief (Organization)--History
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh

Refugees--Armenia--History--Sources
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh

Women in charitable work--Turkey--History--Sources
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh

World War, 1914-1918--Civilian relief--France
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh

Adivar, Halidé Edib, 1885-1964
type: Concept
in scheme: lcnaf
focus: Adivar, Halidé Edib, 1885-1964

lcnaf
type: ConceptScheme

Adivar, Halidé Edib, 1885-1964
type: Person
type: Agent
type: E21 Person

Allen, Annie T., 1868-1922
type: Concept
in scheme: lcnaf
focus: Allen, Annie T., 1868-1922

Allen, Annie T., 1868-1922
type: Person
type: Agent
type: E21 Person

Ataturk, Kemal, 1881-1938
type: Concept
in scheme: lcnaf
focus: Ataturk, Kemal, 1881-1938

Ataturk, Kemal, 1881-1938
type: Person
type: Agent
type: E21 Person

Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
type: Concept
in scheme: lcnaf
focus: Billings, Florence, 1879-1959

Billings, Florence, 1879-1959
type: Person
type: Agent
type: E21 Person

Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 1919-
type: Concept
in scheme: lcnaf
focus: Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 1919-

Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 1919-
type: Person
type: Agent
type: E21 Person

Iran--Description and travel--Sources
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh
focus: iran--descriptionandtravel--sources

Middle East--Description and travel--Sources
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh
focus: middleeast--descriptionandtravel--sources

Turkey--History--Revolution, 1918-1923--Civilian relief
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh
focus: turkey--history--revolution1918-1923--civilianrelief

Turkey--Description and travel--Sources
type: Concept
in scheme: lcsh
focus: turkey--descriptionandtravel--sources

SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Florence Billings Papers
is aggregated by: Florence Billings Papers
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
level: series
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Contents: finding aid and NUCMC form
aggregates: Contents: finding aid and NUCMC form
has part: Clippings by and about Florence Billings, 1919-59, n.d.
aggregates: Clippings by and about Florence Billings, 1919-59, n.d.
has part: Memorabilia
aggregates: Memorabilia

SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Florence Billings Papers
is aggregated by: Florence Billings Papers
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
level: series
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Family (from Russia, Turkey, etc.), 1912, 1919-25
aggregates: Family (from Russia, Turkey, etc.), 1912, 1919-25
has part: Friends and associates
aggregates: Friends and associates

SERIES III. WRITINGS
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Florence Billings Papers
is aggregated by: Florence Billings Papers
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
level: series
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Near East Relief
aggregates: Near East Relief
has part: Travel diary (Paris, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Iran, etc.), Oct 1924-25, n.d.
aggregates: Travel diary (Paris, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Iran, etc.), Oct 1924-25, n.d.
has part: Notes (chronology of events in Middle East), 1925-28
aggregates: Notes (chronology of events in Middle East), 1925-28
has part: "Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909" (Masters thesis, Columbia University): typescript, 1927
aggregates: "Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909" (Masters thesis, Columbia University): typescript, 1927
has part: Articles: typescript drafts, 1920-25, n.d.
aggregates: Articles: typescript drafts, 1920-25, n.d.
has part: Manuscript fragments and notes (including "Autobio"), circa 1921-28, n.d.
aggregates: Manuscript fragments and notes (including "Autobio"), circa 1921-28, n.d.

SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Florence Billings Papers
is aggregated by: Florence Billings Papers
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
level: series
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Biographical articles, 1922
aggregates: Biographical articles, 1922
has part: Correspondence
aggregates: Correspondence
has part: Writings
aggregates: Writings

SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Florence Billings Papers
is aggregated by: Florence Billings Papers
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
level: series
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Individuals: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Fethy Bey, and other Turkish and NER officials, circa 1919-22
aggregates: Individuals: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Fethy Bey, and other Turkish and NER officials, circa 1919-22
has part: Groups: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Refet Pasha and others, Turkey, circa 1919-22
aggregates: Groups: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Refet Pasha and others, Turkey, circa 1919-22
has part: Scenes of Turkey (most unidentified), circa 1919-22
aggregates: Scenes of Turkey (most unidentified), circa 1919-22

OVERSIZE MATERIALS
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Florence Billings Papers
is aggregated by: Florence Billings Papers
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Photographs: Mustafa Kemal (1921), Yusouf Kemal (1922), Refet Pasha (1928), and unidentified people
aggregates: Photographs: Mustafa Kemal (1921), Yusouf Kemal (1922), Refet Pasha (1928), and unidentified people

series
type: Level
type: Concept

Contents: finding aid and NUCMC form
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
is aggregated by: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Clippings by and about Florence Billings, 1919-59, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
is aggregated by: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Memorabilia
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
is aggregated by: SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Program of parade for Ataturk (in Turkish), signed by him (photostat copy; original at Hoover Library, Stanford U.) and related correspondence, 1960, n.d.
aggregates: Program of parade for Ataturk (in Turkish), signed by him (photostat copy; original at Hoover Library, Stanford U.) and related correspondence, 1960, n.d.
has part: Watercolors by Persian artist, circa 1925
aggregates: Watercolors by Persian artist, circa 1925

Program of parade for Ataturk (in Turkish), signed by him (photostat copy; original at Hoover Library, Stanford U.) and related correspondence, 1960, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Memorabilia
is aggregated by: Memorabilia
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Watercolors by Persian artist, circa 1925
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Memorabilia
is aggregated by: Memorabilia
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Family (from Russia, Turkey, etc.), 1912, 1919-25
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
is aggregated by: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Friends and associates
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
is aggregated by: SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: General (includes Laura S. Crandall, William S. Dodd, Senator Borah, and Julian E. Gillespie), 1923-26
aggregates: General (includes Laura S. Crandall, William S. Dodd, Senator Borah, and Julian E. Gillespie), 1923-26
has part: Mark Bristol (American High Commissioner in Constantinople), 1921-22
aggregates: Mark Bristol (American High Commissioner in Constantinople), 1921-22
has part: Halidé Edib Adivar, 1923-28
aggregates: Halidé Edib Adivar, 1923-28
has part: Catharine Esserberg (American School for Girls, Damascus, Syria), 1924-26
aggregates: Catharine Esserberg (American School for Girls, Damascus, Syria), 1924-26
has part: Henry Furst, 1925
aggregates: Henry Furst, 1925
has part: Edith Parsons (American School for Girls, Turkey), 1925-1929
aggregates: Edith Parsons (American School for Girls, Turkey), 1925-1929
has part: Thomas Perkins, 1921
aggregates: Thomas Perkins, 1921

General (includes Laura S. Crandall, William S. Dodd, Senator Borah, and Julian E. Gillespie), 1923-26
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Mark Bristol (American High Commissioner in Constantinople), 1921-22
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Halidé Edib Adivar, 1923-28
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Catharine Esserberg (American School for Girls, Damascus, Syria), 1924-26
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Henry Furst, 1925
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Edith Parsons (American School for Girls, Turkey), 1925-1929
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Thomas Perkins, 1921
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Friends and associates
is aggregated by: Friends and associates
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Near East Relief
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES III. WRITINGS
is aggregated by: SERIES III. WRITINGS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: "Constantinople to Konia": typescript (incomplete), 1920
aggregates: "Constantinople to Konia": typescript (incomplete), 1920
has part: Reports (by Billings and Annie T. Allen), 1921-23
aggregates: Reports (by Billings and Annie T. Allen), 1921-23
has part: Turkish prisoners: translated telegrams and NER certificate, 1922
aggregates: Turkish prisoners: translated telegrams and NER certificate, 1922
has part: Address by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 1922
aggregates: Address by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 1922
has part: Unidentified notes and lists, 1921, n.d.
aggregates: Unidentified notes and lists, 1921, n.d.

Travel diary (Paris, Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, Iran, etc.), Oct 1924-25, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES III. WRITINGS
is aggregated by: SERIES III. WRITINGS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Notes (chronology of events in Middle East), 1925-28
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES III. WRITINGS
is aggregated by: SERIES III. WRITINGS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

"Causes of the Outbreak in Cilicia, Asia Minor, April 1909" (Masters thesis, Columbia University): typescript, 1927
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES III. WRITINGS
is aggregated by: SERIES III. WRITINGS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Articles: typescript drafts, 1920-25, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES III. WRITINGS
is aggregated by: SERIES III. WRITINGS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Manuscript fragments and notes (including "Autobio"), circa 1921-28, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES III. WRITINGS
is aggregated by: SERIES III. WRITINGS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

"Constantinople to Konia": typescript (incomplete), 1920
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Near East Relief
is aggregated by: Near East Relief
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Reports (by Billings and Annie T. Allen), 1921-23
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Near East Relief
is aggregated by: Near East Relief
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Turkish prisoners: translated telegrams and NER certificate, 1922
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Near East Relief
is aggregated by: Near East Relief
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Address by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, 1922
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Near East Relief
is aggregated by: Near East Relief
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Unidentified notes and lists, 1921, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Near East Relief
is aggregated by: Near East Relief
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Biographical articles, 1922
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
is aggregated by: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Correspondence
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
is aggregated by: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: To Florence Billings, Admiral Mark Bristol, and others, 1921
aggregates: To Florence Billings, Admiral Mark Bristol, and others, 1921
has part: To Allen (includes letters from Halidé Edib, and letters of authorization to go to Konia), 1921-22, n.d.
aggregates: To Allen (includes letters from Halidé Edib, and letters of authorization to go to Konia), 1921-22, n.d.
has part: To Florence Billings re: Allen, on her death (includes Halidé Edib), 1922
aggregates: To Florence Billings re: Allen, on her death (includes Halidé Edib), 1922

Writings
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
is aggregated by: SERIES IV. ANNIE T. ALLEN
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
type: Aggregation
type: Collection
has part: Diary and notes ("Brusa - Konia - Angora, etc"): typescript, 1919-20, n.d.
aggregates: Diary and notes ("Brusa - Konia - Angora, etc"): typescript, 1919-20, n.d.
has part: "Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Nationalist Movement at Close Range" (re: outbreak of revolution in Konia): typescripts and fragments, 1920
aggregates: "Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Nationalist Movement at Close Range" (re: outbreak of revolution in Konia): typescripts and fragments, 1920
has part: "One Way of Making America Your Friend": typescript, 1921
aggregates: "One Way of Making America Your Friend": typescript, 1921

To Florence Billings, Admiral Mark Bristol, and others, 1921
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Correspondence
is aggregated by: Correspondence
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

To Allen (includes letters from Halidé Edib, and letters of authorization to go to Konia), 1921-22, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Correspondence
is aggregated by: Correspondence
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

To Florence Billings re: Allen, on her death (includes Halidé Edib), 1922
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Correspondence
is aggregated by: Correspondence
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Diary and notes ("Brusa - Konia - Angora, etc"): typescript, 1919-20, n.d.
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Writings
is aggregated by: Writings
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

"Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Nationalist Movement at Close Range" (re: outbreak of revolution in Konia): typescripts and fragments, 1920
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Writings
is aggregated by: Writings
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

"One Way of Making America Your Friend": typescript, 1921
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: Writings
is aggregated by: Writings
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Individuals: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Fethy Bey, and other Turkish and NER officials, circa 1919-22
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
is aggregated by: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Groups: includes Florence Billings, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Halidé Edib, Refet Pasha and others, Turkey, circa 1919-22
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
is aggregated by: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Scenes of Turkey (most unidentified), circa 1919-22
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
is aggregated by: SERIES V. PHOTOGRAPHS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA

Photographs: Mustafa Kemal (1921), Yusouf Kemal (1922), Refet Pasha (1928), and unidentified people
type: ArchivalResource
is part of: OVERSIZE MATERIALS
is aggregated by: OVERSIZE MATERIALS
access provided by: Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA