Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project (ERACAP) Records, 1970-1985
General International Standard for Archival Description
Sophia Smith Collection Smith CollegeNorthampton, MA
Finding aid encoded in NoteTab Pro. Encoded by Jennifer Smar. 2005-11-21
Encoded Archival Description
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 2002
collection
Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project (ERACAP) Records
Creation of Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project (ERACAP) Records
Time of Creation of Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project (ERACAP) Records
Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project
Biographical History for: Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project (ERACAP) Records
Historical Note The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was first introduced in the U.S. Congress in 1923. It was introduced in every session of Congress after that for nearly half a century. In 1971 the House of Representatives approved the proposed amendment. The Senate approved the amendment a year later. The issue was sent to the state legislatures and twenty states ratified the ERA almost immediately (Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin). In 1973 Connecticut, South Dakota, Oregon, Minnesota, New Mexico, Vermont, Washington, and Wyoming ratified; Nebraska voted to rescind its ratification. Over the next few years, Maine, Montana and Ohio voted to ratify and Tennessee voted to rescind. In an effort to gain the additional three votes necessary for ratification, groups with many pro-ERA supporters boycotted unratified states. As the deadline for ratification loomed near (22 March 1979), Representative Elizabeth Holtzman (D-NY) introduced a bill to extend the deadline for ratification. In October of 1978, Congress set a new deadline for the ERA--30 June 1982. In 1980 Ronald Reagan became the first president since the Equal Rights Amendment was sent to the states to oppose the ERA. On 30 June 1982 the ERA died, falling three states short of the necessary three-fourths ratification. Beth Leopold worked on the National Organization for Women (NOW) campaign to ratify the ERA. After its defeat, she sought to ensure that the story of the fight for ratification would be preserved and began the Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project. The goal of the ERA Campaign Archives Project was to "collect and process oral history and photographic materials relating to the ERA campaign between the years 1970 and 1982." The focus of the collecting was on the experiences of participants in the local, state, and national levels of the campaign. The aim of the original project was to interview 150-200 people involved in the pro or anti-ERA work using archival quality open reel audiotape and to make typed transcripts of the interviews. There were also plans to create an index of the subjects covered in the interviews, along with photographs and a directory for additional materials related to the ERA campaign. Because funding for the project ran out in 1984, the oral history interviews were never created; however, Beth Leopold acted as intermediary between the Sophia Smith Collection and two documentary filmmakers to house their tapes and accompanying printed matter within the ERACAP collection. In addition, Leopold's own ERA-related material came with the ERACAP materials.
Scope and Contents of the Collection The ERACAP Records consist of 22 cubic feet and are primarily related to the fight to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment between 1972 and 1982. Types of materials include correspondence, speeches, legal documents, photographs, press releases, reports, journal and newspaper articles, transcripts of interviews, audiocassettes, videocassettes, legislative records, logbooks, notes, documentary footage, and memorabilia. The bulk of the records comprise audiovisual materials documenting the ERA fights in Chicago and North Carolina from two documentaries, Fighting for the Obvious and Who Will Protect the Family?. There is also considerable material relating to the National Organization for Women's work to pass the Equal Rights Amendment. Notable individuals included in the documentary footage are: Susan Cantinia, Dennis Cuddy, Donald Deuster, Frances Fitzgerald, Jesse Helms, Wilma Scott Heide, Peggy Madigan, Lamarr Mooneyham, Kathy Railsback, Phyllis Schlafly, Ellie Smeal, Gloria Steinem, and Monica Faith Stewart.
Equal rights amendments--Illinois--History--Sources
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Equal rights amendments--North Carolina--History--Sources
Equal rights amendments--United States--History--Sources
Oral history--methodology
Women's rights--United States--History--Sources
Family--Social aspects--United States--History--20th century--Sources
Feminism--United States--History--20th century--Sources
Fitzgerald, Frances, 1940-
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McAllister, Beth
Schlafly, Phyllis
Feminists--United States--History--20th century--Sources
National Organization for Women--History--Sources
Moral Majority, Inc.
series
SERIES I. ERACAP ADMINISTRATION (1981-85),
This series contains Beth Leopold's administrative records of the Equal Rights Amendment Campaign Archives Project, including the project proposal, ERACAP's financial and equipment needs, and correspondence with the Sophia Smith Collection. Most of the unrelated publications by history organizations and guides to oral histories have been removed from the collection.
SERIES II. NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN AND THE ERA (1970-83),
Beth Leopold's work at the National Organization for Women is documented in this series. Media projects played a large role in NOW's efforts to pass the ERA in the fifteen states where it hadn't yet passed. The ERA Countdown campaign materials include photocopies of images dating back to the early twentieth century that were selected for a film to document the struggle for the ERA, with the bulk of the images covering the 1970s and early 1980s. Other media-related projects for NOW can be found in the materials related to the Legal Defense and Education Fund. This series also covers several major marches and rallies for the ERA. The Capitol March for ERA focuses mostly on Chicago, where Leopold directed her energies. This series also includes subject files, memorabilia, and a bibliography of newspaper clippings from the New York Times related to the ERA from 1970 through 1982.
SERIES III. WHO WILL PROTECT THE FAMILY? DOCUMENTARY FILES(1974-82),
This series is composed of the administrative and subject files of Victoria Costello, the director for Who Will Protect the Family?, an hour length color PBS documentary that examines the motivations, beliefs, and larger goals of the two movements fighting for and against the Equal Rights Amendment. Although the documentary specifically focuses on the three year battle to pass the ERA in North Carolina, the materials in this series include legislation, statistics, and organization files from both the state and national levels, as well as subjects that extend beyond the Equal Rights Amendment itself. Only a few transcripts from the film footage are in the collection; nevertheless, the few that exist provide valuable insight into the motivations of individuals fighting for and against the passage of the amendment. The audiovisual materials from the documentary are found in SERIES V. AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS.
SERIES IV. ERA DEFEAT (1982-84),
This small series contains published and unpublished articles and essays that examine the Equal Rights Amendment, its defeat, and its supporters and opponents.
SERIES V. AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS (1978-82),
This large series forms the bulk of the collection and includes 30 hours of videotape for Fighting for the Obvious (over 100 tapes), a documentary about the ERA fight in Illinois, as well as several hundred ¾ inch Umatics and ½ inch Betas from the PBS documentary Who Will Protect the Family?, which documents the ERA fight in North Carolina. A title list of the videotapes is available in the Sophia Smith Collection
[Original videotapes and master copies are closed. Viewing copies are available on DVD.]
Project proposal, 1983-84, n.d.
Advisory board, 1983, n.d.
Letters of support, 1983
ERA materials to collect, 1981-83
Financial materials
Expenses, 1983, n.d.
Sources of funding, 1983, n.d.
Grantsmanship Center, 1983, n.d.
Tax-exempt status, 1984-85, n.d.
Correspondence, 1983-85
Memberships, 1982-84
Equipment and services, 1982-83, n.d.
Smith College, 1982-85
Articles, pamphlets, and reports about the ERA, 1979-80, n.d.
ERA Countdown Campaign
General, 1981-82, n.d.
Celebrity support, 1980-82, n.d.
Film, 1920-82, n.d.
Fundraising kit, n.d.
Speeches, 1982, n.d.
Virginia's ERA struggle, 1982
Legal Defense and Education Fund
General, 1978-81, n.d.
Staff members, n.d.
Projection Equal Education Rights (PEER), 1982
Media Project
General, 1980-82, n.d.
Advertising
Equipment, 1978-81, n.d.
Notes, 1980, n.d.
Outdoor advertising, 1981
Public Service Announcements (PSAs)
Production companies, 1981
Sample scripts, 1981
Radio, 1981-82
Television, 1981-82
Artwork, 1981
Conferences and consultations
Freestyle evaluation conference, 1980
Michigan Media Project conference, 1980-81
State broadcasting action workshop, n.d.
Vanguard Network proposal, 1982
Women in the media study, 1980-83, n.d.
Other conferences, 1980-81
ERA Awareness Week, 1981-82
Pilot Project, 1979-80, n.d.
Purchase orders, 1981-82
Status reports, 1981
Leadership mailing lists, 1979-82, n.d.
Marches, rallies, and other events
Springfield, IL: Rally, 16 May 1976
Washington, DC: March, 9 Jul 1978
Washington, DC: ERA Inauguration Watch, 20 Jan 1980
San Antonio, TX: National Conference, 3-5 Oct 1980
Utah: Missionary Project, 9 Apr-19 Jul 1981
ERA Walkathons, Aug 1981
Washington, DC: National Conference, 10-12 Oct 1981
Illinois: Fast for Justice, May 1982
Capitol March for ERA, 6 June 1982
Kits
Illinois
Washington, DC: Rally, 30 Jun 1982
PAC/Woman Walkathon, 28 Aug 1982
Post-ERA response by NOW: Vote out the opposition, 1982
Indianapolis: National Convention, Oct 1982
Other state/local activities, 1980-82
Unidentified ERA events: negatives and proof sheets, n.d.
Media Reform Committee
General, 1979-81, n.d.
Communications technology, 1980, n.d.
Federal Communications Commission and discrimination, 1979-81, n.d.
Memorabilia
Buttons, 1982, n.d.
Ribbons, posters, and ERA "business cards," 1977-82, n.d.
Stickers, n.d.
New York Times ERA bibliography, 1970-82
Newspaper clippings, 1981-82, n.d.
Press releases, 1980-82
Protests
Movie: Windows, 1980
Appointment of Rex E. Lee as Solicitor General, 1981
Subjects
Draft case/women in the military, 1980-81
Reagan, Ronald, 1980-83
Reproductive rights, 1980-82, n.d.
Other women's issues, 1980-83, n.d.
Documentary
Video logs
Raleigh, NC, 1979
Pro/anti-ERA groups and people, 1981
Transcripts, 1981
Publicity, 1982
Notes and questions, 1981, n.d.
Archival visuals (North Carolina), 1981, n.d.
North Carolina contacts, 1981, n.d.
Anti-ERA
American Family Institute, 1980, n.d.
American Life League, 1979-81, n.d.
Articles and newspaper clippings, 1979-82, n.d.
Christianity and Politics conference (8-9 May 1981), 1976-81, n.d.
Cuddy, Dennis, 1978-81, n.d.
DeVries, Marilyn, 1980, n.d.
Family Protection Reporter, 1979-81
Marshner, Connie
Moral Majority, 1980-81, n.d.
The Right Woman, 1979-81, n.d.
Stop ERA, 1980-82
Other anti-ERA groups, 1979-82, n.d.
Pro-ERA
Articles, newspaper clippings, and speeches, 1978-81, n.d.
Congressional Union, 1981
ERA America, 1979-80
ERA Countdown, 30 Jun 1981
ERA Data, 1976-81, n.d.
Johnson, Sonya
McAllister, Beth, 1981, n.d.
Ms. Meeting, 26 May 1981
North Carolina Council of Churches, 1981, n.d.
Pamphlets, 1978-80, n.d.
Pro-ERA Mormons, 1979-81
Shoulder to Shoulder March for the ERA, 2 May 1981
North Carolina 1981 legislative session
Abortion
Background, 1979-81, n.d.
Daycare
Equal Rights Amendment
Marital property distribution
Other bills
U.S. Congress
Abortion/Human Life Amendment, 1980-81, n.d.
Economic Equity Act, 1981
Equal Rights Amendment, 1978, 1981
Family Protection Act, 1980-81, n.d.
Social Security, 1981
Voting records, 1980-81
Subjects and statistics
Abortion, 1979-81, n.d.
Apparel and tobacco industry, 1978-81
Day care, 1980-81, n.d.
Divorce statistics, 1981, n.d.
Domestic violence, 1977-81
Families, 1978-82
Juvenile criminal behavior, 1979-81
North Carolina statistics, 1978-81, n.d.
Planned Parenthood: activities and criticisms of, 1980-81, n.d.
Sex education, 1981
Teenage pregnancy, 1976-81, n.d.
Textbooks, 1974-81, n.d.
Women, 1975-81, n.d.
Susan Harding articles and papers, 1981-1983
ERA essays in OAH newsletter, 1982-83
"The Equal Rights Amendment: Anatomy of a Failure," PS, Fall 1982
Jennifer Jackman/Tamar Raphael project, 1983-84
SERIES V. AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS (1978-82)
[Original format videotapes are closed. DVD copies are available for research use.]